Introduction of Borewell
A borewell, also known as a borehole, well, is a narrow well drilled into the ground to access groundwater. They are typically much deeper than traditional dug wells, reaching depths of 30 to 1000 meters or more. Borewells are often used in areas with limited surface water resources, such as deserts, arid regions, and islands.
Here are some of the key features of borewells:
- Drilled, not dug: Unlike traditional wells, which are dug by hand or with machinery, borewells are drilled using a special rig. This makes them much faster and cheaper to construct, especially in areas with hard or rocky ground.
- Access deeper water: Borewells can reach much deeper water sources than dug wells, making them a valuable option in areas where groundwater is scarce.
- Smaller diameter: Borewells have a smaller diameter than dug wells, which means they require less space to construct. This can be an advantage in areas with limited land availability.
- Pumped water: Water is typically extracted from borewells using a submersible pump, which is powered by electricity or a generator.
Borewells are used for a variety of purposes, including:
- Domestic water supply: Borewells are a common source of drinking water for people living in rural areas.
- Irrigation: Borewells are used to irrigate crops in areas with limited rainfall.
- Industrial water supply: Borewells are used by industries for a variety of purposes, such as cooling, manufacturing, and processing.
Here are some of the potential benefits of using borewells:
- Reliable water source: Borewells can provide a reliable source of water, even during periods of drought.
- Improved sanitation: Access to clean water can help to improve sanitation and hygiene, which can lead to better health outcomes.
- Increased agricultural productivity: Borewells can help farmers to increase their agricultural productivity by providing them with a reliable source of water for irrigation.
However, there are also some potential drawbacks to using borewells:
- Cost: Drilling and maintaining a borewell can be expensive.
- Groundwater depletion: Overuse of groundwater can lead to depletion of aquifers, which can have negative impacts on the environment and on people who rely on groundwater for their water supply.
- Water quality: Borewell water can be contaminated by a variety of pollutants, such as bacteria, chemicals, and salt.
Overall, borewells can be a valuable tool for providing access to water in areas with limited surface water resources. However, it is important to use them responsibly and to be aware of the potential drawbacks.
If you are planning to install a borehole in your garden or home or land, Of course, here is the data on borewell farming. As many parts of India are disturbed in terms of water supply or water availability, the annual rainfall is unreliable and not ideal. Water availability for agricultural/horticultural crops is very intensive. The only option left is to dig a bore well.
In any case, depending on the geological elements, it is not certain whether you will get water. In case the field is surrounded by lakes or streams, groundwater source is believed to exist. Prior to going for Borewell, we ought to distinguish focuses for penetrating. How can we do this? Allow us to talk about more in the following segment. When you prevail with borewell, it is smarter to involve trickle water system for your yields for compelling use of bore water.
Essentials-of-borewell
- Drill Hole: The core of the borewell, this deep, narrow shaft reaches into the targeted aquifer, a water-bearing underground rock formation.
- Casing: To prevent the hole from collapsing, a strong casing, often made of PVC or steel pipes, lines the inner walls.
- Screen: This filter at the bottom of the casing allows water to enter while keeping out sand, gravel, and other debris.
- Pump: A submersible pump, powered by electricity or a generator, extracts water from the well and pushes it to the surface.
- Control Panel: This electrical panel houses switches and gauges for operating the pump and monitoring water levels and pressure.
Functions of a Borewell:
- Water Supply: Borewells are a primary source of drinking water for rural communities, particularly in arid regions.
- Irrigation: Farmers rely heavily on borewell water to irrigate crops, especially during dry seasons.
- Industrial Use: Industries utilize borewell water for various purposes like cooling processes, manufacturing, and sanitation.
- Disaster Relief: In emergencies and natural disasters, borewells can provide readily available clean water for affected populations.
Considerations for Borewell Construction and Use:
- Permits and Regulations: Drilling a borewell often requires permits and adherence to local regulations to ensure sustainable groundwater management.
- Aquifer Assessment: Understanding the depth, water quality, and recharge rate of the targeted aquifer is crucial for responsible borewell placement and water extraction.
- Water Quality Testing: Regular testing of borewell water is essential to ensure it meets safe drinking water standards and is free from harmful contaminants.
- Maintenance and Repair: Proper maintenance of pumps, filters, and control panels is vital for optimal performance and longevity of the borewell.
The Future of Borewells:
Technological advancements in drilling techniques, water quality monitoring, and sustainable water management practices are shaping the future of borewells. By promoting responsible use and integrating these innovations, borewells can continue to be a reliable source of water for generations to come.
Remember, borewells are powerful tools, but their responsible use is key to ensuring water security and environmental sustainability. Let’s harness their potential wisely and work towards a future where everyone has access to clean, safe water.
Ways To Identify Groundwater Points For Borewell Drilling
Identifying ideal borewell points is crucial for ensuring success in accessing groundwater and minimizing risks like resource depletion or drilling in unsuitable locations. Here are some methods used to locate potential borewell points:
Traditional Techniques:
- Dowsing: Using sticks, dowsing rods, or pendulums to supposedly detect underground water based on energy shifts. While controversial, traditional dowsing techniques are still used in some areas.
Topographic and - Geological Surveys: Studying the landscape, including hills, valleys, and rock formations, can provide clues about groundwater flow and potential aquifers.
Scientific Methods:
Geophysical Surveys: These rely on instruments to measure physical properties of the ground. Common methods include:
- Electromagnetic Induction (EMI): Measures electrical conductivity of the ground, indicating zones with higher water content.
- Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): Uses radar waves to map underground layers and identify potential water-bearing zones.
- Seismic Refraction: Analyzes sound waves to map underground layers and assess water saturation.
- Electrical Resistivity Survey: Measures electrical resistance of the ground, with lower resistance indicating water-bearing zones.
- Hydrogeological Investigations: Studying existing wells, water usage patterns, and rainfall data can shed light on underground water movement and potential drilling locations.
Modern Advanced Techniques:
- Remote Sensing: Analyzing satellite images and aerial photographs can reveal subtle land features indicative of potential aquifers.
- Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: Combining various data sources like geophysical surveys, geological maps, and historical data with machine learning algorithms can improve the accuracy of borewell point identification.
Important Considerations:
- Regulatory Requirements: Consult local regulations and obtain necessary permits before conducting any surveys or drilling.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Consider the cost of different methods and choose the one that best suits your budget and project scale.
- Data Interpretation: Interpreting survey results requires expertise in hydrogeology and geophysical data analysis.
- Sustainability: Always prioritize sustainable water management practices to avoid groundwater depletion.
Remember, no single method guarantees perfect results. Combining traditional knowledge with scientific technologies and expert advice can significantly increase the success rate of identifying optimal borewell points.
Borewell Drilling Cost
The cost of borewell drilling in India, can vary significantly depending on several factors, making it difficult to provide a single definitive answer. Here’s a breakdown of the key influencing factors and some estimated ranges:
Factors Affecting Cost:
- Depth of Drilling: The deeper you need to drill to reach the aquifer, the higher the cost. Expect prices to start around ₹50-65 per foot and increase with depth.
- Diameter of Borewell: Wider borewells are more expensive but allow for higher water flow. Prices typically range from ₹65-80 per foot for smaller diameters to ₹80-100 per foot for larger ones.
- Location: Drilling in urban areas or remote locations with difficult access can be more expensive due to logistical challenges.
- Drilling Method: Conventional drilling methods are generally cheaper, while advanced techniques like rotary drilling or reverse osmosis drilling can be more expensive but offer benefits like speed and accuracy.
- Casing Material: PVC casings are cheaper, while steel casings are more durable and may be required in certain formations.
- Pump Installation: The type and power of the pump needed will impact the cost, with prices ranging from ₹10,000-50,000+ depending on factors like submersible depth and required flow rate.
- Additional Services: Services like geophysical surveys, water quality testing, and maintenance contracts can add to the overall cost.
Estimated Cost Ranges:
- Simple Borewell in Rural Area: ₹75,000-1,25,000
- Rotary Drill Rig: Uses a rotating drill bit to break through rock and soil.
- Percussion Drill Rig: Employs a hammering action to pulverize rock and soil.
- Direct Rotary Rig: Combines rotation and hammering for efficient drilling in various terrains.
Pumps and Control Panel:
- A submersible pump, powered by electricity or a generator, extracts water from the well and pushes it to the surface. Pump selection depends on the well depth and desired water flow rate.
- A control panel houses switches and gauges to operate the pump, monitor water levels, and regulate pressure.
Additional Equipment:
- Development tools: Air compressors and surge pumps help clear the well of sediments after drilling.
- Safety gear: Hard hats, gloves, and safety glasses are essential for worker protection.
- Drill bits: Available in various sizes and types depending on the ground formation.
- Centralizers: Keep the casing properly aligned within the drilled shaft.
Casing and Screens:
- Once the shaft is drilled, a casing is inserted to prevent the hole from collapsing and contaminating the water.
- PVC casings: Affordable and lightweight, suitable for shallow depths and soft ground.
- Steel casings: More durable and withstand deeper depths and harder ground.
- A screen is installed at the bottom of the casing to allow water to enter while filtering out sand and debris. Different mesh sizes are available based on the aquifer conditions.
Pumps and Control Panel:
- A control panel houses switches and gauges to operate the pump, monitor water levels, and regulate pressure.
- A submersible pump, powered by electricity or a generator, extracts water from the well and pushes it to the surface. Pump selection depends on the well depth and desired water flow rate.
Additional Equipment:
- Safety gear: Hard hats, gloves, and safety glasses are essential for worker protection.
- Centralizers: Keep the casing properly aligned within the drilled shaft.
- Drill bits: Available in various sizes and types depending on the ground formation.
- Development tools: Air compressors and surge pumps help clear the well of sediments after drilling.
Remember:
- Always consult with a licensed and experienced borewell drilling contractor to determine the appropriate equipment and techniques for your needs.
- Ensure all equipment meets safety standards and is operated by trained personnel.
- The specific equipment used will vary based on the depth, location, and geology of your borewell.
From Customer we need to purchase/consider buying below mentioned materials
- Service wire
- Cable wire
- Submersible motor pump
- Clips and Misc GA wire etc
- Gate valves
- Bore Pipes – based on requirements
- Starter Box
Popular and Branded Submersible Pump sets:
Below are some recommended branded companies. Verify the vendor availability and Pre/post sales service in your location.
- Kirloskar
- KSB
- CRI
- Texmo
- Crompton